Mexico

From Imakoopedia

Mexico is a country in North America, lying between the United States of America to the north, Belize to the southeast and Guatemala to the southwest, it has both a Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico coast to the east and a North Pacific Ocean coast to the west.

Table of contents

1 Regions 2 Cities 3 Other destinations 4 Understand 4.1 History 4.2 Geography 4.3 People 4.4 Government 5 Get in 5.1 By plane 5.2 By train 5.3 By car 5.4 By bus 5.5 By boat 6 Get around 7 Talk 8 Buy 8.1 Economy 9 Eat 10 Drink 11 Learn 12 Work 13 Stay safe 14 Stay Healthy 15 Respect 16 Contact 17 External links

Regions

• The North
  • Baja California
  • Sonora

• The South
  • Oaxaca
  • Chiapas

• The Bajio -- historic cities in traditional silver-mining region

• Mexican Riviera -- tropical beaches on Mexico's southern coast

• Mexico City

• Yucatan Peninsula

Cities

Mexico has many cities; these are some of the most travelled.

• Mexico City
• Acapulco
• Cancun
• Tijuana
• Monterrey
• Cabo San Lucas
• Oaxaca
• Guanajuato
• Merida
• Guadalajara
• Veracruz
• Morelia
• Huatulco
• San Cristobal de las Casas
• Puebla
• Queretaro
• San Luis
• Puerto Vallarta
• Ixtapa Zihuatanejo

Other destinations

• San Miguel de Allende

Understand

Some information in this section has been adapted from a CIA World Factbook 2002 import.

History

The site of advanced Amerindian civilizations, Mexico came under Spanish rule for three centuries before achieving independence early in the 19th century. A devaluation of the peso in late 1994 threw Mexico into economic turmoil, triggering the worst recession in over half a century. The nation continues to make an impressive recovery. Ongoing economic and social concerns include low real wages, underemployment for a large segment of the population, inequitable income distribution, and few advancement opportunities for the largely Amerindian population in the impoverished southern states. Elections held in July 2000 marked the first time since the 1910 Mexican Revolution that the opposition defeated the party in government, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Vicente FOX of the National Action Party (PAN) was sworn in on 1 December 2000 as the first chief executive elected in free and fair elections.

Geography

Area - comparative 

slightly less than three times the size of Texas

Climate 

varies from tropical to desert

Terrain 

high, rugged mountains; low coastal plains; high plateaus; desert

Elevation extremes 

lowest point: Laguna Salada -10 m
highest point: Volcan Pico de Orizaba 5,700 m

People

Population 

103,400,165 (July 2002 est.)

Nationality 

noun: Mexican(s)
adjective: Mexican

Ethnic groups 

mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 60%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian 30%, white 9%, other 1%

Religions 

nominally Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 6%, other 5%

Government

Country name 

conventional long form: United Mexican States
conventional short form: Mexico
local short form: Mexico
local long form: Estados Unidos Mexicanos

Government type 

federal republic

Capital 

Mexico (Distrito Federal)

Administrative divisions 

31 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Colima, Distrito Federal*, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan de Ocampo, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro de Arteaga, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz-Llave, Yucatan, Zacatecas

Get in

By plane

By train

By car

By bus

By boat

Get around

Traveling in Mexico is most practical by bus, car, or air. Passenger transport by train is almost nonexistent.

Due to a government scheme in the early 90's to create infrastructure, the best roads are toll roads. Toll roads can be relatively costly, 400-800 pesos is not uncommon on longer trips, but are much faster and better maintained. Buses generally travel by toll roads (and the toll is obviously included in the ticket price).

If travelling by bus, be sure to take the express buses, if available. Other buses often stop at many smaller stations along the way, making the trip a lot longer. If you have experience with Greyhound buses in the US, you're in for a pleasant surprise. Book direct travel within Mexico on ejecutivo buses departing in the evening. You'll be able to sleep on luxury buses with as few as 18 seats. Some even have complimentary beer. With the advent of NAFTA, some bus companies are now offering service from US cities.

Talk

Mexican Spanish is the main language. You can get by with English in most major cities or tourist destinations, but much of the country is monolingual.

Mexican Spanish is slightly different from both the Castilian Spanish spoken in most of Spain and the Spanish spoken in South American countries. All three are mutually intelligible -- it's about the same as the differences in English spoken in various countries -- but you can expect some funny looks if you speak only Castilian. Mexican Spanish is the variant most often taught in the United States of America, so if you learned Spanish there, you should be OK.

In some regions, the native language like Mayan or Nahuatl is still widely spoken.

See also: Spanish phrasebook

Buy

Economy

Economy - overview 

Mexico has a free market economy with a mixture of modern and outmoded industry and agriculture, increasingly dominated by the private sector. Recent administrations have expanded competition in seaports, railroads, telecommunications, electricity, natural gas distribution, and airports. Income distribution remains highly unequal. Trade with the US and Canada has tripled since the implementation of NAFTA in 1994. Following 6.9% growth in 2000, real GDP fell 0.3% in 2001, with the US slowdown the principal cause. Positive developments in 2001 included a drop in inflation to 6.5%, a sharp fall in interest rates, and a strong peso that appreciated 5% against the dollar. Mexico City implemented free trade agreements with Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, and the European Free Trade Area in 2001, putting more than 90% of trade under free trade agreements. Foreign direct investment reached $25 billion in 2001, of which $12.5 billion came from the purchase of Mexico's second largest bank, Banamex, by Citigroup.

Population below poverty line 

40% (2001 est.)

Unemployment rate 

urban - 3% plus considerable underemployment (2001)

Currency 

Mexican peso (MXN)

Exchange rates 

Mexican pesos per US dollar - 9.1614 (January 2002), 9.3423 (2001), 9.4556 (2000), 9.5604 (1999), 9.1360 (1998), 7.9185 (1997), 11.20 (2003)

Eat

Traditional Mexican food can often be very spicy; if you are not used to peppers, always ask if your food includes it.

• Tacos
• Tamales
• Tortas
• Quesadillas
• Mole

Drink

• Tequila
• Pulque
• Atole
• Mezcal

Learn

Work

Stay safe

Stay Healthy

Respect

Contact

Internet country code 

.mx

External links

• Mexico Tourism Board (http://www.visitmexico.com/)
• Guanajuato en linea (http://www.guanajuatoenlinea.com/) Web site of Guanajuato state with travel information about cities as: Guanajuato, Leon, San Miguel de Allende, Dolores Hidalgo. English version.
• National Institute of Migration (http://www.inami.gob.mx/)
• Web directory of Mexican Gobernment (http://www.directorio.gob.mx/)